• Electron transport via DHODH activity

  2020-04-17

  

  Electron transport via DHODH activity will allow the generation of mitochondrial ROS without the consumption of α-ketoglutarate or NADH. Glutamine-dependent flux through the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation can also enable generation of mitochondrial ROS (Weinberg et al., 2010). The latter pr

• We show that direct contact with MSCs is necessary and

  2020-04-17

  

  We show that direct contact with MSCs is necessary and sufficient to induce DDR2 upregulation in breast cancer cells. DDR2 expression in MSC is required for collagen deposition and leads to increased DDR2 expression and activation in breast cancer cells. This paracrine-autocrine MSC-cancer cell axis

• As compared with the broad spectrum of

  2020-04-17

  

  As compared with the broad spectrum of chemicals known to serve as the ligands for PXR and CAR, the ligands of VDR are previously restricted to VD3 as well as its hydroxylated metabolites and the secondary bile GW0742 LCA. Recently, the VDR-binding capacities of more compounds have been discovered,

• Chemokines act as ligands for the chemokine receptors

  2020-04-17

  

  Chemokines act as ligands for the chemokine receptors, which possess 7-transmembran domain-type proteins functionally coupled to G proteins. Leukocytes express 19 chemokine receptors which control their influx and activation at the site of inflammation. Human neutrophils express both CXCR-1 and CXCR

• Cerulenin Unlike CRM exportins Cse and Xpot

  2020-04-17

  

  Unlike CRM1, exportins Cse1 and Xpot lack a C-extension and instead rely primarily on changes in HEAT-repeat conformation and direct Ran-cargo contacts to ensure low cargo-binding affinity in the cytosol and cooperative assembly of the exportin/Ran/cargo complex in the nucleus (Cook et al., 2005, Co

• The intimate interactions between flavonoids

  2020-04-17

  

  The intimate interactions between flavonoids and ERα have been more extensively studied than their ERβ interactions because of the dominant role of ERα in some important diseases (Ye et al., 2018) including breast cancer (more than 80% of human breast cancers are ERα positive) (Turner et al., 2015),

• The mechanism by which OC use leads to impaired

  2020-04-17

  

  The mechanism by which OC use leads to impaired glucose tolerance is yet to be fully clarified. Decreased insulin sensitivity appears to be mainly accounted for by estrogenic component and this effect may be modified by progestogenic component [14], [15]. Estrogenic effect on glucose tolerance has b

• br Disclosure statement br Acknowledgements This research wa

  2020-04-17

  

  Disclosure statement Acknowledgements This research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, NS046400 and AG022971 (SD), and a fellowship from the Korea Research Foundation, KRF-2007-357-E00016 (YTK). The authors thank Dr. Barbara Crain for assistance with the immunologi

• The concept of GPCRs and EGFRs existing as heteromers

  2020-04-16

  

  The concept of GPCRs and EGFRs existing as heteromers is consistent with previous studies. Co-immunoprecipitation studies have shown that agonist stimulation (both AngII and EGF) promotes a multi-protein complex containing the AT1R and EGFR, however these endpoint assays were not in live cells or in

• The overall shape of p iSH

  2020-04-16

  

  The overall shape of p110α/iSH2 is dramatically different from DGKB or SK1, instead of forming a homodimer, p110α/iSH2 heterodimer has a triangular shape with iSH2 laying on the top and ABD, RBD, helical and kinase domain of p110α sitting in the bottom (Fig. 2B) (Gabelli et al., 2010; Huang et al.,

• It was demonstrated that the addition of

  2020-04-16

  

  It was demonstrated that the addition of 10-fold excess of α-synuclein without modifications (with respect to the molar concentration of tetrameric GAPDH) leads to partial inactivation of GAPDH after 1-h incubation by 20% (Fig. 4, curve 2) in leukotriene receptor antagonists to insignificant decreas

• TNF a major cytokine that is critical

  2020-04-16

  

  TNF-α, a major cytokine that is critical in acute and chronic inflammation, is responsible from chemotaxis, acute phase reactions and endothelial activation (Mahalingam and Karupiah, 1999). Our study showed that TNF-α is increased significantly in the pyelonephritic rats and montelukast displayed an

• Bay 11-7085 br Conclusion CSF R may contribute

  2020-04-16

  

  Conclusion CSF-1R may contribute to limitation of targeted therapies by providing EGFR-bypassing signals that support proliferation. Multi-kinase inhibitors such as cabozantinib are available, and agents targeting CSF-1R are in clinical trials, however, at present, as inhibitors of tumor-associat

• In conclusion adipose PGD suppressed the lipolysis by decrea

  2020-04-16

  

  In conclusion, adipose PGD2 suppressed the lipolysis by decreasing the intracellular cAMP level through DP2R. Therefore, PGD2 enhanced adipocyte differentiation (lipid accumulation) through both repression of the lipolysis via DP2R and activation of the lipogenesis via PPARγ. Thus, L-PGDS and DP2R a

• Transduction of cellular signals by G

  2020-04-16

  

  Transduction of cellular signals by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is stringently regulated to prevent the deleterious effects of unrestrained GPCR signaling. The rapid termination of signaling mediated by agonist-occupied GPCRs is referred to as homologous desensitization and involves the foll

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