• We recently reported the first cyclopropene analog of

  2021-10-29

  

  We recently reported the first cyclopropene-analog of the amino ana 2 synthesis neurotransmitter glutamate (Fig. 2A) [27]. This first-generation cyclopropene-glutamate expanded the only other documented report of a cyclopropene-neurotransmitter (cyclopropene-GABA analog by Reissig and coworkers) [28

• br Acknowledgments The financial support from the National

  2021-10-29

  

  Acknowledgments The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31460422 and 31060210), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, China (20171BAB204029 and 20143ACB20006), the Project of Science and Technology of Jiangxi Provincial Education Department,

• Gap junctions mediate electrical coupling between cells by

  2021-10-29

  

  Gap junctions mediate electrical coupling between cells by conducting direct ionic currents and thereby modulate their electrical activity (Hormuzdi et al., 2004). In the nervous system, electrical coupling organizes network activity by amplifying and synchronizing neuronal firing (Galarreta and Hes

• Till date the first line treatment of T DM is

  2021-10-29

  

  Till date, the first line treatment of T2DM is oral metformin followed by oral sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV-inhibitors, and TZDs. As the disease progresses, injectable glucagon-like peptide-I analogues or ultimately insulin become necessary to maintain glycaemic control. Despite the establ

• FBP ALDOA complex is located on both sides of

  2021-10-29

  

  FBP2-ALDOA complex is located on both sides of Z-line in striated muscles (Rakus et al., 2003a; Gizak et al., 2003) and its stability is regulated by calcium ions (Mamczur et al., 2005; Rakus et al., 2013) (Fig. 3). An increasing titre of [Ca2+] which occurs during muscle contraction stimulates diss

• Since its development the HCV replicon

  2021-10-28

  

  Since its development, the HCV replicon system (Lohmann et al., 1999) has been a critical tool in the HCV antiviral discovery process (Gottwein et al., 2009, Imhof and Simmonds, 2010, Lohmann et al., 1999, Pietschmann et al., 2001, Imhof and Simmonds, 2010, Gottwein et al., 2009). The replicon assay

• HBV is an enveloped double stranded DNA virus

  2021-10-28

  

  HBV is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus, which is transcripted into four major transcripts [6]. Among them, the 3.5 kb pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) directs the translation of HBV polymerase, core protein and acts as template for reverse transcription. So viral transcription is a key step of virus l

• Some biguanides can cross the mitochondrial

  2021-10-28

  

  Some biguanides can cross the mitochondrial membrane and increase L-lactate formation by inhibiting oxidative Mupirocin [34]. On the other hand, it has also been reported that levels of fasting plasma lactate in T2DM patients are similar regardless of whether or not metformin is administered [35] a

• In response to oxidative stress in DM antioxidant

  2021-10-28

  

  In response to oxidative stress in DM, antioxidant defence systems are activated in β-cells. Glutathione (GSH) is one of the most abundant antioxidants and has been shown to be expressed at lower concentrations in patients with DM [12], [13]. Furthermore, plasma levels of glycine, which is a synthet

• br Dysregulation of glutamate transporter expression

  2021-10-28

  

  Dysregulation of glutamate transporter expression and function Aberrant glutamate transporter function and expression are associated with various neurological disorders. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of EAAT1/2 expression may provide therapeutic targets for treating neurologi

• Because of the relationship between carbohydrate consumption

  2021-10-28

  

  Because of the relationship between carbohydrate consumption and chronic diseases such as obesity and type II diabetes (Hu, van Dam, & Liu, 2001), there is mounting interest to evaluate the quality of formula for dilution through analysis by glycemic index (GI) and Englyst assay, for example (Engly

• br Results br Discussion Our cardiomyocyte

  2021-10-28

  

  Results Discussion Our cardiomyocyte-specific GR knockout mice did not show spontaneous cardiac hypertrophy unless pressure overload was given to the heart. This finding is somewhat different from previous work of a cardiomyocyte-specific GR igf-1r mouse model using GR-floxed mice with loxP i

• Another consistent observation in our studies was the lower

  2021-10-28

  

  Another consistent observation in our studies was the lower plasma catecholamine concentrations in the exercised GHSR-null mice, suggesting a diminished sympathoadrenal response. A proper sympathoadrenal response is essential for increasing substrate utilization during exercise [81]. Thus, the reduc

• There are several basic science studies that aim to

  2021-10-28

  

  There are several basic science studies that aim to investigate potential mechanisms behind the reduced incidence of MI in factor Xa inhibitor treated patients. Perzborn et al. reported that in-vitro addition of rivaroxaban reduced tissue-factor induced platelet aggregation (Perzborn, Heitmeier, & L

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Numerous s

  2021-10-27

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Numerous studies have identified important roles for HIF-1α in cellular function and dysfunction through its transcriptional activity [4]. A few studies have reported that HIF-1α is translocated to the mitochondria in human and mouse cancer cell line

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