• Furthermore increased plasma levels of endoglin have been

  2022-02-21

  

  Furthermore, increased plasma levels of endoglin have been associated with diabetic complications (Valbuena-Diez et al., 2012). The involvement of soluble endoglin in a number of widespread pathologies demonstrates that endoglin is not only marker of endothelial integrity but also a causative factor

• br Materials and methods br Results Human adipocytes differe

  2022-02-21

  

  Materials and methods Results Human adipocytes, differentiated from fibroblastic preadipocytes in culture, were incubated with IL-33 for either 3 or 24 h to examine acute and prolonged responses to the cytokine. Low, medium and high concentrations of IL-33 were employed. IL-33 had no significa

• In conclusion this is the first description

  2022-02-21

  

  In conclusion, this is the first description of a GPR81 agonist with an ability to exert in vivo efficacy without causing flushing. These results demonstrate that GPR81 small-molecule agonists may be effective for treating dyslipidemia. In addition, targeting GPR81 could prevent the unwanted side ef

• br Acknowledgments br Free fatty acids

  2022-02-18

  

  Acknowledgments Free fatty acids (FFAs) are not only essential nutritional components, but they also function as signaling molecules. Recently, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) de-orphanizing strategy successfully identified multiple receptors for FFAs, which function on the cell surface and

• br According to WHO estimates diabetes continues to present

  2022-02-18

  

  According to WHO 2014 estimates, diabetes continues to present an increasing health risk to the global population, affecting 422 million individuals worldwide. Type 2 diabetes (T2D), which affects the vast majority (ca. 90%) of the diabetic population, occurs when the body cannot effectively utili

• The transporter was successfully expressed

  2022-02-18

  

  The transporter was successfully expressed in MSCs and HEK 293 cells. In both cell types, the expression of YFP-EAAT2 was confirmed by immunological staining and flow cytometry. The functionality of the transporter was determined by [3H]glutamate uptake assays, and the blood glutamate-grabbing activ

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2022-02-18

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Acknowledgments Introduction As we move into an aging society, there has been a growing interest in neurological disorders [1]. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cause cognitive malfunction

• br Introduction Glucokinase GCK hexokinase IV is a monomeric

  2022-02-18

  

  Introduction Glucokinase (GCK, hexokinase IV) is a monomeric enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate, the first and rate-limiting step of glycolysis in the liver and pancreas [1,2]. GCK was first discovered in the early 1960's, and shortly thereafter i

• The Cx family of integral membrane proteins are key

  2022-02-18

  

  The Cx family of integral membrane proteins [13] are key components of the Gap Junction channels that provide GJIC, which is indispensable in the preservation of tissue integrity and homeostasis in multicellular organisms. Gap Junction channels form a conduit for exchange of ions (Ca2+), second mess

• On the other hand with the exception in

  2022-02-18

  

  On the other hand, with the exception in muscle tissue, cGalR2 and cGalR2-L transcripts were also found to be widely distributed among the peripheral tissues at different levels (Fig. 2). The precise functions of cGalR2 and cGalR2-L in these peripheral tissues remain to be established, however, thei

• The typical pharmacophore for GPR agonists contains

  2022-02-18

  

  The typical pharmacophore for GPR40 agonists contains four parts: head (acid moiety), central (phenyl ring), linker and tail (aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring) [20]. On the other hand, the chemical features that are required for the PPARγ agonists include hydrogen bond donors and acceptors

• Potential platelet related mechanisms that might explain an

  2022-02-18

  

  Potential platelet-related mechanisms that might explain an augmented risk of MI in dabigatran treated patients have been investigated: Enhanced platelet reactivity is known to be associated with the risk of MI (Mangiacapra et al., 2018) and catalytically active thrombin is a potent stimulus to indu

• Here we showed that microinjection of siRNA at the

  2022-02-18

  

  Here we showed that microinjection of siRNA at the MII stage efficiently reduced endogenous EZH2 mRNA and protein. Although the percentage of cleaving embryos was not affected, Nepicastat HCl synthesis formation and blastocyst cell number were both reduced in EZH2 knockdown groups (Table 1). Simila

• Uridine br Methods br Results br Discussion Our

  2022-02-17

  

  Methods Results Discussion Our results show that the DRG and the spinal cord express significant amount of GPR35, a previously orphan Gi protein coupled receptor whose stimulation with zaprinast or with KYNA may reduce inflammatory pain. The receptor is also expressed in primary cultures of

• The atherosclerosis development requires additional pro infl

  2022-02-17

  

  The atherosclerosis development requires additional pro-inflammatory response in the vascular tissue, promoting increased levels of adhesion molecules such as VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1). Cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β are able to upre

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